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Benzoic acid is a white, crystalline solid that is used in a wide range of products. It is a type of carboxylic acid, which means it has a carbon atom bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). Benzoic acid is naturally occurring and can be found in various plants and animals, but it is also produced synthetically for commercial use.
One of the main uses of benzoic acid is as a preservative in food and personal care products. It has antimicrobial properties, which means it can help to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. It is commonly used to preserve a variety of products, including food, beverages, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals.
Benzoic acid is also used as a pH adjuster in some products. It is an acid, so it can help to lower the pH of a product, making it more acidic. It is used in this way in some personal care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, to help balance the pH of the product.
In the chemical industry, benzoic acid is used as a starting material in the production of a number of other chemicals, including plastics, resins, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a solvent in the production of some products, such as inks and paints.
Benzoic acid is generally considered safe when used in small amounts in food and personal care products. It is approved for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is considered safe when used as directed. However, it may cause skin irritation in some individuals, and it is toxic if ingested in large amounts.
In conclusion, benzoic acid is a widely used substance that has a number of applications in various industries. It is known for its antimicrobial properties and is used as a preservative in a variety of products. It is also used as a pH adjuster and a starting material for the production of other chemicals. Benzoic acid is generally considered safe when used in small amounts in food and personal care products, but it may cause skin irritation and is toxic if ingested in large amounts.